Step: 172

The characteristics of a (finite) group can be overlooked best with the help of the group multiplication board. That is a square pattern, which contains all possible products of the group items. We regard the quantity, those as example from the two signs and exist and define the following linkages: = , - = -, - = -, - - = .

The multiplication board has for this the following shape:

In the header and in the left column the items are arranged, in the square pattern all possible products in the way that on the left of the left factor and the right factor of the product concerned is above. For example one finds the result of the linkage in the second line and the first column of the square pattern.

Go to step 173 .