Introduction into the
Symmetry of Molecules

Science and Fun
Spectroscopic Tools

general procedure

  Preface (german)     Table of Content   Remarks    Imprint
Type of rotational axis other symmetry elements point group
S2n n senkrecht zu Cn sh sv,sd
one (linear molecules) with   Dh
without   v
any Cn with n > 3 (cubic molecules*) Ih
Oh
Td
one Cn with n > 2 S2n colinear zu Cn;  no other symmetry elements S2n
  n perpendicular to Cn withsh Dnh
without sh with sd Dnd
without sd Dn
no n perpendicular to Cn with sh   Cnh
without sh with sv Cnv
without sv Cn
  with S2 = i Ci = S2
without S2 = i with s   Cs = C1h
no symmetry elemts other than E C1
*The use of "cubic" is restricted to molecules with four three-fold axes